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HYLAND government around the globe. e potential gains are huge, but the threats have grown at least as fast. In the last decade cyberspace has emerged as a focus for concerns about security. From being an area of interest mainly to technological experts, threats to security in cyberspace and appropriate responses have multiplied faster than governments have been able to deal with them and cyber-security has moved increasingly to the center of governments' national security agendas. Take, for example, the emphasis on cyber security in the British Government's 2010 National Security Strategy.1 Over the last decade the scale of the cyber threat to the UK has become clearer and clearer. As Iain Lobban, Director of Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), the UK's center of excellence on cyber security, has explained,2 the UK now faces cyber-attacks on an unprecedented and rapidly expanding scale, ranging in sophistication from low-end criminal activity to much more sophisticated operations. e 2010 UK National Security Strategy assesses that cyber-attack is one of the four most serious security threats facing Britain along with terrorism, regional conflict and natural disaster, and at a time of financial stringency the British Government has made some 650 million of addition funding available over the period 2011 to 2015 to enhance UK cyber-security. Other governments around the globe are taking similar measures. Although there is now wide recognition that effective cyber-security is a vital element of any coherent national security strategy, discussion of the issues by policy-makers and the wider public is sometimes hampered by perceptions of apparent technical complexity and of far-reaching though ill-defined social and political implications. Cyber-enthusiasts do not always help themselves, with over-zealous statements on the prospects for devastating high-end cyber-attacks, radical and wide-ranging yet unspecified social change, and the risk of untrammeled surveillance power. ese combine to create a confused debate and do not help build trust.